Internal-combustion engine



F. S. HAMMOND.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED Aue.11,x919.

'1,34;9,958-. Patented Aug. 17, 1920.

F i911 i0 f/fl/orngy.

FRANK s. AMMOND, on NEW YORK, N. Y.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application fi1ed August 11, 1919.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, F RANK S. HAMMoNn, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a full and accurate specification.

The object of this invention is the construction of improved means for delivering the charge to an internal combustion engine of the Diesel type, and for supplying proper amounts of air and water therewith.

In the orawings forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the head of an engine cylinder provided with a valve embodying my improve ments. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the valve and connected parts. Fig. is an elevation of part of the stem thereof and connected parts. Fig. at is a section on the line i-et in Fig. Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5 in Fig. 2.

Referring to Fig. 1, the cylinder head 1 is attached to the engine cylinder 2 containing a piston 3. This head has well known forms of exhaust valves 4 discharging to exhaust manifolds 5, and an intake port 6 controlled by a valve 7 provided with an elongated stem 9 actuated by a cam 10.

This stem 9 is slidable within a sleeve 11 fastened in the head 1, the inner surface of the sleeve being formed with longitudinal grooves 12 reaching from slightly below the level of the top of the head to its lower end.

Spaced above the head is a fuel oil supply pipe 15 communicating with the interior oi the sleeve at such level; above this pipe 13 is an air supply pipe 11 also communicating with the interior of the sleeve; and spaced slightly above the level of the pipe 1% is a water supply pipe 15. These pipes may all enter from the same side or at different sides, inasmuch as it makes no ditferonce in the operation of the valve.

In the stem 9 are two annular grooves 16, 17 so located that when the valve is in its uppermost and closed position, the groove 16 is in communication with the water pipe 15,'and the groove 17 is in communication with the fuel oil pipe 13 near the lower border of the groove, while the air pipe 14- is closed by the uncut portion 19 of the stem.

In the wall of the sleeve is formed a bypass recess 20 so proportioned and disposed that when the valve stem is in its uppermost Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 17, 1920. Serial No. 317,351.

position, nearly all thereof is opposite the groove 1'7, but when the stem has moved downward to open the valve, this recess will connnunicate with both grooves 16 and 17, as shown in Fig. 2.

Further, when the stem is in this opened position, the air pipe 14 is uncovered and opens into the groove 16, but the pipe 15 is covered by the uncut portion of the stem and further intake of water shut 0a. The fuel pipe 13 remains in communication with the groove 17 at all times. It is also to be observed that at this lowermost position of the valve stem, the groove 17 overlaps both the recess 20 and the upper extremities of the grooves I The operation of the valve is as follows: As the valve is rising from its lowermost position, the compressed air entering the groove 16 from the pipe 11 and passing through the grooves and recess 20 to the longitudinal grooves 12, is acting both to supply the engine cylinder with a proper amount for providing an explosive mixture, and by its pressure to restrain the entrance oi fuel oil through the pipe 13; but the instant the uncut portion 19 of the stem reaches and closes the air inlet, the fuel oil at once enters and fills the annular groove 17 and the recess 20. Simultaneously, the annular groove 16 reaches and is filled by the water pipe 15.

Then when the valve descends and the valve is opened, the parts take the position illustrated in Fig. 2, whereby further water is shut off and the air is let into the upper groove 16. The pressure of this air instantly forces the water from the groove 16 down through the recess 2i) and upon the oil in the latter and in the groove 17, thereby cxpe ling both oil and water therefrom down into the longitudinal grooves 12, and thence through the valve port into the cylinder.

The heat within the cylinder at once vola tilizes the oil and vaporizes the water, while the air following the oil and water is added to the air supplied to the cylinder by other means not here described; the mixture of gas, steam and air is then compressed and exploded in the customary manner.

\Vhat I claim is:

1. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocative therein, a sleeve communicating with the interior of the cylinder, a valve having an elongated stem slid-able in said sleeve, the sleeve having a recess, the stem having two annular grooves, a "fuel oil supply through said sleeve to the lower annular groove,- a water supply through said sleeve to the up per annular groove when the valve is closed, and a compressed air supplying means to the upper annular groove when the valve is 0pen, said recess being disposed for putting both said grooves into communication when the valve is open.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocative therein, a sleeve communicating with the in terior of the cylinder, a valve for closing the inner end of the sleeve, the valve having a stem passing through said sleeve and operative therein, the inner surface of the sleeve having longitudinal grooves extending from the valve for the larger part of the length of the sleeve, and a recess spaced from the dead ends of said grooves, the stem having two spaced annular grooves, the lower groove approximating to the level of said recess when the valve is closed, a water supply adapted to discharge into the upper groove when the valve is closed, and an air supply adapted to be closed by the uncut stemscction between the grooves when the valve is closed, the said parts being so disposed that when the valve is open the water supply is shut off, the air supply is admitted to the upper annular groove, the recess overlaps both grooves, and the lower groove overlaps the recess and the ends of the longitudinal grooves.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing invention, I have hereunto set my hand this 3rd day of July, 1919.

- FRANK b. HAMMOND. 

